The Growth and Deformation of Ice Crystals 397 the Growth and Deformation of Ice Crystals

نویسندگان

  • J. W. GLEN
  • M. F. PERUTZ
چکیده

X-ray diffraction photographs were taken of ice dendrites grown from water and from the vapour. In both cases [II20] was found to be the growth direction. A method of growing cylindrical single crystals of any desired orientation has been devised. Some of these crystals were extended to several times their original length. Slip took place exclusively on the basal plane. Experiments designed to locate the glide direction gave inconclusive results and suggested that, in general, crystals near the melting point can glide in any direction. Before deformation, ice crystals gave fairly sharp X-ray diffraction spots on Laue photographs. After deformation the spots are drawn out into streaks which later break up into rows of small spots. This indicates that bending of the crystals is followed by the formation of small crystallites of slightly differing orientations. Analogous effects are observed in metals. ZUSAMMENFASSING.Eisdendriten wurden aus Wasser und aus Wasserdampf geztichtet. Rontgenbeugungsaufnahmen zeigten, dass die ~'achstumsrichtung in beiden Fiillen [II20] ist. Es wird tiber eine Methode zur Herstellung zylindrischer Einzelkristalle beliebiger Orientierung berichtet. Solche Kristalle wurden auf ein Mehrfaches ihrer ursprtinglichen Lange gedehnt und glitten ausschliesslich auf der Basisebene. Experimente zur Festlegung der Gleitrichtung gaben zweideutige Ergebnisse, deuteten aber an, dass Kristalle nahe dem Schmelzpunkt in jeder Richtung gleiten konnen. Laue Aufnahmen undeforrrllerter Kristalle zeigen schane Rontgenreflexe. Nach der Deformation sind die Reflexe in Streifen ausgezogen, die spater in einzelne Flecke aufbrechen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass sich die Kristalle zuerst verbiegen und spater in eine Reihe kleiner Kristalle leicht verschiedner Orientierung verwandeln. Analoge Effekte werden auch in Metallen beobachtet.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010